Database

RDS vs Azure SQL vs Cloud SQL — Managed Databases Compared

Compare AWS RDS, Azure SQL Database, and Google Cloud SQL for managed relational databases. Pricing, engines, and optimization.

Feature Comparison

FeatureAmazon RDSAzure SQL DatabaseGoogle Cloud SQL
Supported engines6 (inc. Aurora)SQL Server native + 3 othersMySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server
Serverless optionAurora Serverless v2Azure SQL ServerlessNo (AlloyDB Omni is closest)
Auto-pause (to $0)Aurora Serverless v1 onlyYes (SQL Serverless)No
Max storage128 TB (Aurora)100 TB (Hyperscale)64 TB

Service Details

Amazon RDS

AWS

The most comprehensive managed relational database service. Supports 6 engines including Aurora, the cloud-native option.

Varies by engine and instance. Aurora Serverless v2: $0.12/ACU-hr. RDS PostgreSQL db.t3.micro: ~$0.017/hr. Reserved Instances available.
Strengths
  • 6 database engines (Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle, SQL Server)
  • Aurora for cloud-native performance
  • Most instance type options
  • Mature Multi-AZ and read replica support
Limitations
  • Aurora lock-in concerns
  • Complex pricing across engines
  • Reserved Instance management overhead

Azure SQL Database

Azure

Azure's managed SQL offering with unique serverless tier that auto-pauses. Deep SQL Server compatibility and enterprise features.

Serverless: auto-scales and auto-pauses. vCore-based: from $0.209/hr. DTU-based: from $5/mo. Hyperscale for large databases.
Strengths
  • Auto-pause serverless tier
  • Best SQL Server compatibility
  • Hyperscale for 100TB+ databases
  • Azure Hybrid Benefit for SQL licensing
Limitations
  • SQL Server only (other engines via Azure Database for PostgreSQL/MySQL)
  • DTU pricing model is confusing
  • Serverless has cold start delay

Google Cloud SQL

GCP

Fully managed MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server with automatic storage increases and maintenance windows.

db-f1-micro: ~$0.0150/hr. Standard tiers scale with vCPUs. Automatic storage increases. Sustained use discounts apply.
Strengths
  • Automatic storage scaling
  • Simple pricing model
  • Good integration with BigQuery
  • Automatic backups and maintenance
Limitations
  • Fewer engines than RDS
  • Less instance type variety
  • No cloud-native engine like Aurora

When to Use Which

Choose RDS/Aurora for the widest engine selection and Aurora’s cloud-native performance. Choose Azure SQL for SQL Server workloads with auto-pause savings. Choose Cloud SQL for simplicity and good GCP ecosystem integration.

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